Connecting chronic and recurrent stress to vascular dysfunction: no relaxed role for the renin-angiotensin system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is classically considered to be a protective system for volume balance and is activated during states of volume depletion. Interestingly, one of the major pathways activating the system is the sympathetic nervous system, also the primary mediator of the acute stress response. When one further examines the cells mediating the immune site of the response, which is primarily an inflammatory response leading to defense at a locally injured area, these cells all express the ANG II type 1 receptor (AGTR1). Scattered throughout the literature are reports indicating that acute and chronic stress can activate renin and increase plasma levels of components of the RAS. Moreover, there are reports describing that ANG II can modulate the distribution and function of immune cells. Since the inflammatory response is also implicated to be central in the initiation and progression of vascular damage, we propose in this review that recurrent acute stress and chronic stress can induce a state with inflammation, due to ANG II-mediated activation of inflammatory cells, specifically monocytes and lymphocytes. Such a proposal would explain a lot of the observations regarding RAS components in inflammatory cells. Despite its attractiveness, substantial research in this area would be required to substantiate this hypothesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".