Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exergy is a measurement of how far a certain material deviates from a state of equilibrium with the environment.It is a useful tool for improving the efficiency of energy-resource use.The exergy values of four wheat straws (Absolvant, Max, Monopol and Vuka) were determined in this study.The effects of physical and chemical properties (moisture content, ash content, LHV and S, C, O, H and N contents) were evaluated.The moisture related exergy varied from 281.834 kJ kg -1 (Monopol) to 366.766 kJ kg -1 (Absolvant), accounting for 1.311-1.734% of the total exergy of wheat straws.A negative linear relationship between the exergy value and moisture content was observed.The ash related exergy varied from 53.468 kJ kg -1 (Absolvant) to 117.675 kJ kg -1 (Vuka), accounting for 0.253-0.556% of the total exergy of wheat straws.A negative linear relationship between the exergy value and ash content was observed.The S related exergy ranged from 6.817 kJ kg -1 (Max) to 11.077 kJ kg -1 (Vuka), accounting for 0.032-0.052% of the total exergy of wheat straws.A positive linear relationship between the exergy value and S content was observed.The O/C, H/C and N/C atomic ratios and the correlation factors varied in ranges of 0.7133-0.7537,1.3475-1.5457,0.0063-0.0225and 1.133-1.138,respectively.The exergy values of the four wheat straws were between 21.156 MJ kg -1 (Absolvant) and 21.503 MJ kg -1 (Monopol).They were mainly determined by the correlation factors and the LHVs.A positive linear relationship between the exergy value and LHV was observed.The combined contribution of ash, moisture and S related exergy to the total exergy was very small (1.694-2.212%)and can be neglected.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".