Rangewide population genetic structure of Xantus's Murrelet (<i>Synthliboramphus hypoleucus</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Population genetic structure was characterized in Xantus's Murrelet (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus) by analyzing variation in the mitochondrial control region (505 samples) and 12 microsatellite loci (428 samples) in birds captured at all 13 current breeding areas in southern California and northwestern Baja California, Mexico. The two types of molecular markers were consistent in revealing strong genetic differentiation between the two currently recognized subspecies (S. h. hypoleucus and S. h. scrippsi) and little or no differentiation among breeding areas within subspecies. Estimates of gene flow were essentially zero, and no evidence for admixture was found. Gene flow among breeding locations within subspecies, on the other hand, was seemingly high. Given these genetic results, as well as clear morphological differences between the subspecies and the apparent lack of interbreeding at breeding areas where the two forms are sympatric, we suggest that two species be recognized. Both forms are genetically distinct from Craveri's Murrelet (S. craveri), a closely related species whose breeding range partially overlaps that of Xantus's Murrelet. Taxonomic subdivision of Xantus's Murrelet introduces new conservation concerns, especially for S. h. hypoleucus, which urgently requires greater study and protective efforts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".