The<i>Herschel</i>first look at protostars in the Aquila rift
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As part of the science demonstration phase of the <i>Herschel<i/> mission of the Gould Belt key program, the Aquila rift molecular complex has been observed. The complete ~ 3.3° × 3.3° imaging with SPIRE 250/350/500 <i>μ<i/>m and PACS 70/160 <i>μ<i/>m allows a deep investigation of embedded protostellar phases, probing of the dust emission from warm inner regions at 70 and 160 <i>μ<i/>m to the bulk of the cold envelopes between 250 and 500 <i>μ<i/>m. We used a systematic detection technique operating simultaneously on all <i>Herschel<i/> bands to build a sample of protostars. Spectral energy distributions are derived to measure luminosities and envelope masses, and to place the protostars in an <i>M<i/><sub>env<sub/> – <i>L<i/><sub>bol<sub/> evolutionary diagram. The spatial distribution of protostars indicates three star-forming sites in Aquila, with W40/Sh2-64 HII region by far the richest. Most of the detected protostars are newly discovered. For a reduced area around the Serpens South cluster, we could compare the <i>Herschel<i/> census of protostars with <i>Spitzer<i/> results. The <i>Herschel<i/> protostars are younger than in <i>Spitzer<i/> with 7 Class 0 YSOs newly revealed by <i>Herschel<i/>. For the entire Aquila field, we find a total of ~45–60 Class 0 YSOs discovered by <i>Herschel<i/>. This confirms the global statistics of several hundred Class 0 YSOs that should be found in the whole Gould Belt Survey.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".