Kinetics of metal desorption from soil with nonionic micelle-solubilized ligands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The kinetics of heavy metal desorption from a naturally contaminated soil were investigated in the presence of Triton X-100 in combination with I – , SCN – , or I – /SCN – . Different kinetic equations were compared to describe surfactant and ligand induced metal desorption with time. A two-step first-order reaction equation was also evaluated for the metal desorption by surfactants and ligands. The Elvovich equation provided the closest approximation to experimental observations for the desorption kinetics for Cd with each of the surfactant–ligand combinations. The parabolic diffusion equation performed best for Cu desorbed using Triton X-100/SCN – . The power function equation best described Zn desorption; whereas for Pb the parabolic diffusion equation provided the best fit. By applying the two-step first-order reaction model to metal desorption kinetics, an initial rapid desorption was observed to last 20 min, followed by a slower reaction kinetic over the remaining 24 h period. During the initial fast reaction, the highest desorption rate coefficient was obtained for Cd, followed by that for Zn, Cu, and Pb. For the slow reaction, Zn was desorbed more rapidly than Cd. Key words: I – , SCN – , parabolic diffusion, power function, Elvovich, metals, soils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".