TECHNIQUES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEOSPOROSIS IN A HERD OF DAIRY CATTLE IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neosporosis is a protozoal infectious disease caused by the coccidial parasite Neospora caninum. It was found first in tissues of dogs (Dubey et al., 1988) and later naturally occurring in cattle, sheep, goats, deer and horses. Numerous other hosts also have been shown to be experimentally infected. In bovine Neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in many countries, including Argentina, Australia, Canada, Denmark, UK, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, South Africa, Sweden and the U.S.A. It is a worldwide production problem (Dubey, 1999). Two immunological tests were used to detect N. caninum specific antibodies. A commercially-available ELISA kit (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, Maine, USA) was initially used to assay 172 serum samples (126 cows; 29 heifers; 15 calves; 2 pre-colostral calves) from a dairy herd in Parana State, Brazil. The absorbances were measured at a wavelenght of 620 nm. The serum samples with S/P (sample to positive) ratios of less than 0.50 were classified as negative for Neospora antibodies. If the S/P ratio was greater than or equal to 0.50 the sample was positive. All sera from ELISA positive samples (n=60) and ELISA sero-negative cows (n=11) that had aborted were subsequently tested using the IFAT (indirect fluorescent antibody test). The slides were prepared at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin (USA) and used a commercial anti-bovine secondary IgG conjugate (Bovine IgG1,2; VMRD Inc., Pullman, Washington). Test sera were diluted 2-fold at 1:25, 1:50, 1:100 and 1:200 using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2). Whole parasite fluorescence was considered indicative of the presence of N. caninum antibodies. In each series of ELISA and IFAT performed, positive and negative sera were included as control. Sixty of the 172 (34.8%) were classified as sero-positive for N. caninumspecific antibody. Age-specific ELISA sero-prevalence proportions were 47 of 126 (37.3%) adult cows, 7 of 29 (24%) heifers (1-2 yr), 4 of 15 (27%) heifers (5 mo to 1 yr), and 2 of 2 (100%) pre-colostral samples. The 2 pre-colostral samples were obtained from calves born healthy and whose dams were sero-positive for N. caninum. The ELISA positive samples (60) were positive by IFAT at 1:25 dilution. The IFAT dilutions at 1:50, 1:100 and 1:200 found, respectively, 58, 55 and 42 positive animals. The correlation between ELISA and IFAT was 100% at the dilution of 1:25, and 96.6%, 91.6% and 70%, respectively, for 1:50, 1:100 and 1:200. There was perfect agreement at the lowest dilution (1:25) between IFAT and ELISA performed on 11 sera from cows which had aborted but that had yielded seronegative ELISA results. The sero-positive cows had no reported clinical manifestations of disease other than abortion. The farm recorded 46 abortions, of which 31 (67.3%) were from sero-positive cows. Neosporosis should be considered as a potential cause of abortion by veterinarians, in addition to other abortifacient agents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".