Effect of the Number of Applications of Acetone-based Adhesives on Microtensile Bond Strength and the Hybrid Layer
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of doubling the adhesive layers of three acetone-based adhesives on the microtensile bond strength and ultra morphological characterization of the resin dentin interface using SEM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 27 caries-free human molars were used. Superficial flat dentin surfaces were obtained by wet grinding the buccal surfaces. Three adhesive systems Prime & Bond NT (G1), XENO IV (GII) and G BOND (GIII) were used according to three different protocols: (A) according to the manufacturer's instructions, (B) doubling the adhesive layers and light curing and (C): doubling the adhesive layers with intermediate curing between each layer. Resin composite buildups were made using TPH Spectrum resin composite on the bonded surfaces in 1 mm light cured increments for 40 seconds each. The bonded teeth were sectioned to obtain sticks for microtensile testing. The testing was conducted using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The microtensile bond strength means and standard deviations were calculated and the data were statistically analyzed using Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc tests (p < or = 0.05). Ultra morphological characterization of the resin-dentin interface and representative fractured dentin specimens were examined using SEM. RESULTS: When applied according to the manufacturer's instructions, Prime & Bond NT (total etch adhesive) showed significantly high microtensile bond strength with a mean value +/- SD of 35 +/- 12.7 MPa followed by XENO IV (21.2 +/- 9.4 MPa), while G BOND presented a significantly lower mean value (10.9 +/- 2.9 MPa). Doubling the adhesive layers significantly reduced the mean strength of the total etch adhesive system; in contrast, it significantly increased the bond strength of both self-etch adhesives. The relatively thicker adhesive layer was seen with the total-etch adhesive when the application was doubled, while the hybrid layer appeared thicker with self-etch adhesives. CONCLUSIONS: Doubling the adhesive layer applications significantly improved the bond strength of the two self-etch adhesives (XENO IV and G BOND); however, it had a negative effect on the bond strength of the total-etch adhesive (Prime & Bond NT).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it