Transport of volatile organic compounds through PVC and LLDPE geomembranes from both aqueous and vapour phases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The diffusive migration in the aqueous and vapour phases of four volatile organic compounds (VOCs: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) through samples of 0.76 mm (30 mil) thick flexible poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) and 0.76 mm (30 mil) linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) geomembranes are compared based on both sorption and diffusion tests. Diffusion coefficients for the PVC geomembrane were in the range of 5.0–10 × 10−13 m2/s for diffusion from both the aqueous and vapour states. The range for LLDPE was 2.5–5.0 × 10−13 m2/s. Diffusive transport of VOC contaminants through geomembranes in a simulated landfill environment (i.e. in the presence of water vapour) is identical despite the phase they originated from, simplifying the analysis of contaminant transport. The partitioning (sorption) coefficients for PVC were in the range 100–1075 with respect to aqueous phase concentrations. The corresponding values with respect to vapour phase concentrations were 22–290. LLDPE partitioning (sorption) coefficients were 200–475 with respect to aqueous phase concentrations and 44–123 with respect to vapour phase concentrations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".