Snag frequency, diameter and species distribution and input rate in Newfoundland boreal forests
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dead-tree (snag) density (stems per hectare), diameter, species distribution and input rate were examined in Newfoundland boreal forests dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.). Examinations were based on permanent sample plot data. Total snag densities were higher in fir than spruce and were densest in 40- to 59-year-old stands of both species. Densities of >9 cm diameter at breast height (d.b.h.; 1.3 m, hereafter all dimensions are dbh) snags and live trees and larger live and dead trees (>19 cm stems) were also higher in fir than spruce. Fir also generated more larger snags at a younger age than spruce. Precommercial thinning reduced snag densities, virtually eliminating >9 cm snags from 37- to 48-year-old forests. Disturbance regime had a minor impact on snag densities in >40-year-old forests. The annual rate of >9 cm snag production in >60-year-old forests was <1.6 and <1.2 per cent of live trees per year in fir and spruce, respectively. The annual rate of live >9 cm tree fall down in >60-year-old forests was <0.6 and <0.9 per cent in fir- and spruce-dominated forests, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".