Hebeloma crustuliniforme facilitates ammonium and nitrate assimilation in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined the role of ectomycorrhizal associations in nitrogen assimilation of Populus tremuloides seedlings. Seedlings were inoculated with Hebeloma crustuliniforme and compared with non-inoculated plants. Nitrogen-metabolizing enzymatic properties were also determined in H. crustuliniforme grown in sterile culture. The seedlings and fungal cultures were subjected to nitrogen treatments (including NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺ and a combination of NO₃⁻ + NH₄⁺) for 2 months to examine the effects on growth, nitrogen-assimilating enzyme activities and xylem sap concentrations of NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻. Seedlings were also provided for 3 days with ¹⁵N-labeled NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻, and leaf and root ¹⁵N content relative to total nitrogen was measured. Both NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ were effective in supporting seedling growth when either form was provided separately. When NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ were provided together, seedling growth decreased while enzymatic assimilation of NH₄⁺ increased. Additionally, nitrogen assimilation in inoculated seedlings was less affected by the form of nitrogen compared with non-inoculated plants. Fungal ability to enzymatically respond to and assimilate NH₄⁺ combined with aspen's enzymatic responsiveness to NO₃⁻ was likely the reason for efficient assimilation of both nitrogen forms by mycorrhizal plants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".