Prolonged dietary treatment with conjugated linoleic acid stimulates porcine muscle peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and glutamine-fructose aminotransferase gene expression in vivo
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) represent a family of DNA binding proteins that are activated by a variety of dietary and endogenous fatty acids. The PPAR proteins are expressed throughout the body and are the target of a variety of lipidaemic and insulin sensitizing drugs. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective name for octadecadienoic acid isomers with conjugated double bonds, which can also act as ligands for some of the PPAR family. To gain better understanding of the long-term effects of PPAR activation, CLA was fed at 11 g/kg of feed for 45 days to castrated male pigs (barrows). These barrows had a significant repartitioning of subcutaneous fat to lean tissue in the carcass: fat was reduced by 9 x 2% and lean muscle was increased by 3 x 5%, but intramuscular fat content was also increased by 14% (P<0 x 05). PPARgamma, glutamine-fructose aminotransferase (GFAT), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (AFABP), but not PPARalpha mRNA levels were significantly increased (P<0 x 05) in the CLA-fed pigs. The increased expression of PPARgamma and AFABP indicates that CLA induced the development of preadipocytes from stromal-vascular (s-v) stem cells to promote intramuscular fat content. The increase in the expression of GFAT mRNA indicates that the glucose supply of the muscle cells had been increased with the CLA diet, possibly sparing intramuscular fatty acid reserves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".