Temporal Genetic Similarity Among Year-Classes of the Pacific Geoduck Clam (<i>Panopea generosa</i>Gould 1850): A Species Exhibiting Spatial Genetic Patchiness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A previous study revealed genetic differences among collections of the commercially exploited geoduck clam (Panopea generosa) in Puget Sound, WA, but this heterogeneity did not follow an isolation-by-distance model. In this study, we investigated whether these differences were ephemeral or stable and tested predictions of the sweepstakes recruitment hypothesis, in which individuals show a high variance in reproductive success. We genotyped 11 allozyme and 7 microsatellite loci in 2,021 geoducks from 2 sites in Puget Sound and aged individuals by counting annuli in thin-section chondrophores under light microscopy. Genotypic data were then collated by year-class to test predictions of the sweepstakes recruitment hypothesis with allele count rarefaction, year-class relatedness, and 3 estimators of efective population size (Ne) using temporal shifts in allele frequencies. Although estimates of Ne were similar among year-classes, spatial shifts in allele frequencies and year-class strengths were detected among stations at 1 site, indicating that patchy settlement may be the result of an interaction between larval behavior during dispersal and hydrology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".