Transcriptional Control of Murine <i>CD94</i> Gene: Differential Usage of Dual Promoters by Lymphoid Cell Types
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The CD94 gene product is involved in controlling NK cell activation, and is one of a family of immune receptors that is found in the NK gene complex in both humans and mice, adjacent to members of the NKG2 family. CD94 forms a heterodimeric complex with several members of the NKG2 family on the surface of NK, T, and NKT cells. These complexes recognize the nonclassical MHC class I molecules HLA-E and Qa-1(b) in humans and mice, respectively. The mechanism for cell type-specific expression of CD94 and other genes from the NK gene complex has not yet been elucidated. In the current study, we show that the murine CD94 gene has two promoters, one of which is upstream of a previously unidentified exon. We illustrate by quantitative real-time PCR that lymphoid cell types use these two promoters differentially and that the promoter usage seen in adult cells is already established during fetal development. We determined that the differential promoter usage by NK cells appears to be susceptible to perturbation, as both the murine NK cell line LNK, as well as cultured C57BL/6 NK cells showed altered promoter usage relative to fresh NK cells. Furthermore, the promoter activity observed in transfection assays did not correlate with expression of the endogenous CD94 gene, suggesting the involvement of chromatin structure/methylation in transcriptional regulation. Our detection of DNase I hypersensitive sites at the CD94 locus that are present only in a cell line expressing endogenous CD94 supports this hypothesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".