Comorbidities in Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Registry-based Case-control Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although multiple diseases associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) have been reported, reliable data regarding the prevalence of specific medical comorbidities among patients with pSS remain sparse. We investigated the prevalence and risk for a broad spectrum of medical conditions among patients with pSS in Taiwan. METHODS: A total of 1974 patients with pSS were eligible for inclusion in the study group. We randomly selected 9870 enrollees matched with the study subjects, using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Dataset for 2006 and 2007, inclusive. Conditional logistic regression analyses conditioned on sex, age, monthly income, and level of urbanization of the patient's community were used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) of various comorbid conditions. RESULTS: Pearson chi-square tests revealed that patients with pSS had significantly higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia, cardiac arrhythmias, headaches, migraines, fibromyalgia (FM), asthma, pulmonary circulation disorders, hypothyroidism, liver disease, peptic ulcers, hepatitis B, deficiency anemias, depression, and psychoses. Conditional regression analyses showed that, compared to patients without the condition, patients with pSS were more likely to have hyperlipidemia (OR 1.42), cardiac arrhythmias (OR 1.32), headaches (OR 1.47), migraines (OR 1.86), FM (OR 1.71), asthma (OR 1.54), pulmonary circulation disorders (OR 1.42), hypothyroidism (OR 2.37), liver disease (OR 1.89), peptic ulcers (OR 1.88), hepatitis B (OR 2.34), deficiency anemias (OR 1.33), depression (OR 2.57), and psychoses (OR 2.15). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of several comorbidities was increased among the patients with pSS. Our study provides epidemiological data for comorbidities among pSS patients in an ethnic Chinese population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".