A population-based study of the epidemiology and clinical features of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection in Pennsylvania, 2001–2010
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No U.S. general population-based study has characterized the epidemiology and risk factors, including skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI), for healthcare-associated (HA) and community-associated (CA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We estimated the incidence of HA- and CA-MRSA and SSTI over a 9-year period using electronic health record data from the Geisinger Clinic in Pennsylvania. MRSA cases were frequency-matched to SSTI cases and controls in a nested case-control analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess risk factors, while accounting for antibiotic administration. We identified 1713 incident CA- and 1506 HA-MRSA cases and 78 216 SSTI cases. On average, from 2005 to 2009, the annual incidence of CA-MRSA increased by 34%, HA-MRSA by 7%, and SSTI by 4%. Age, season, community socioeconomic deprivation, obesity, smoking, previous SSTI, and antibiotic administration were identified as independent risk factors for CA-MRSA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".