ICONE19-43803 HEAT-TRANSFER CALCULATIONS OF A RE-ENTRANT CHANNEL FOR PRESSURE-TUBE SCWRS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Development of SuperCritical-Water-cooled Reactors (SCWRs) as one of the Generation-IV nuclear-reactor concepts is underway. Concepts of nuclear reactors cooled with water at supercritical pressures were studied as early as the 1950s and 1960s in the USA and Russia. However, only recent development of constructional materials made the concept of a nuclear reactor cooled with SuperCritical Water (SCW) feasible. One of the ways of increasing thermal efficiency of the SCWR is to introduce nuclear steam-reheat. The paper focuses on heat-transfer analyses of a Re-Entrant Channel (REC) as an alternative to a direct-flow channel for a Pressure-Tube (PT) thermal SCWR. The coolant is assumed to be SuperHeated Steam (SHS) at subcritical pressures (P=5.7-6.1 MPa, T=400-625℃). RECs were constructed and used at subcritical conditions in an industrial NPP at Beloyarsk (Russia) in 1960s-1970s. Such a channel consists of a PT and an inner tube. Thus, two flow schemes (coolant first enters an annulus or coolant first enters the inner tube) are possible. Both schemes are analyzed. The first scheme is more favorable from the thermal point of view, while the second is more favorable from the mechanical point of view. Heat-transfer coefficient (HTC) profile, as well as bulk-fluid, sheath, and fuel centerline temperature profiles were calculated for a cosine and downstream-skewed Axial Heat Flux Profiles (AHFP). MOX and UO2 fuels were considered. Mokry et al. (2009) correlation was used in the calculations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".