A modern analogue for plant colonization of palaeotsunami sands in Cascadia, British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The sediment stratigraphy of a modern analogue for pioneer-plant colonization of palaeotsunami sands near Tofino, British Columbia, Canada, shows that a sand outcrop is continuous with a buried sand stratum deposited by tsunamis of the ad 1700 Cascadia earthquake. Plants growing on the sand outcrop form a low-marsh community that includes Triglochin maritimum, Salicornia virginica, Spergularia canadensis, Puccinellia pumila and Plantago maritima. In contrast, low marshes on muddy substrates include only Carex lyngbyei. Although Carex lyngbyei colonizes low marsh on mud, it is restricted to middle marsh or higher elevation communities on sand. With two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended corre spondence analysis (DCA), plant cover-abundance clearly distinguishes sandy from muddy low marsh, a finding that suggests that particle size influences plant colonization. TWINSPAN and DCA show that pollen spectra of the sandy marsh surface resemble fossil pollen of sediments that immediately overlie buried sand deposits. Grain size of intertidal deposits influences primary plant succession, and species on sand respond to relative sea-level change just as those on mud. Pollen assemblages in surface sediments reflect plants growing nearby, and taphonomic distortion of the pollen spectrum is minimal at this locality. These observations suggest that past co-seismic subsidence can be estimated by use of pollen assemblages as proxy indicators of elevation relative to sea level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".