Salivary Diagnosis: Detection of Several Intracellular Enzymes in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease, presenting malignant potential. An association between chronic inflammation and initiation and progression of cancer has long been established. Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamil transferase are intracellular enzymes associated with cell injury and cell death. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate changes of enzymatic activity of mentioned enzymes in saliva and serum of patients with oral lichen planus. Materials and Methods: 20 patients with oral lichen planus and 20 healthy controls were included in the present study. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gammaglutamil transferase (GGT) were detected in both serum and saliva. Results and Discussions: Salivary levels of ALP were decreased while LDH levels were increased in patients with oral lichen planus vs controls (p<0.05). At the same time GGT and AST levels were decreased (not significantly significant) in oral lichen planus patients and control groups. Serum levels of ALP were markedly increased while GGT was found decreased in patients vs. controls (p<0.05). AST and LDH were decreased but not significantly in oral lichen planus patients as compared to controls. Conclusions: Our results reflect increased levels for salivary LDH and serum ALP in patients with oral lichen panus. Saliva can be used as a new diagnostic fluid to detect certain biomarkers such as enzymes in patients with oral lichen planus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".