Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although no direct evidence exists that the immune system per se initiates the attack on myelin in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), several observations strongly support this theory. Immune infiltrates are present at the sites of greatest damage; animal models (e.g., experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) prove that T cells alone can transfer disease from affected to unaffected animals; and therapies that are aimed at either modulating or suppressing the immune system can reduce disease activity. Pathologically, the destructive process includes not only demyelination, but also the early loss of axons and neurons. It is not known how inflammation leads to loss of neuronal elements but once this loss begins, it becomes a neurodegenerative condition—and may be the ultimate cause of clinical impairment and disability in MS. The effectiveness of a treatment may be dependent on which of the intertwined pathologic processes of immune-mediated inflammation and neurodegeneration predominates in the patient. In some patients, the destructive process ultimately leading to irreversible neurodegeneration arises early, becoming extensive and disabling. More powerful immunosuppression may be warranted in this select group of patients; however, because of the toxicity of these agents, they are often reserved until more advanced disabilities are present, a time when destruction may already be irreversible. It is not …
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.013 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".