Benzodiazepine utilization patterns in Alzheimer's disease patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Benzodiazepines (BZD) are commonly prescribed in the elderly. Persons with dementia may be at a greater risk of adverse reactions of BZD such as cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of BZD use in Alzheimer's disease patients and to examine patient and drug-characteristics associated with this use. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Five thousand community-dwelling and institutionalized patients initiating a treatment with tacrine for a mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and included in the tacrine-study (Paco cohort). MEASUREMENTS: Patient characteristics and BZD use recorded at the inclusion. MAIN OUTCOME: Use of BZD during the 3 months prior to inclusion. RESULTS: The 3-month prevalence of ever use of BZD was 20%. After controlling for age and gender, there was a non-significant inverse association between BZD use and a score of Mini-Mental Status Evaluation (MMSE) below 24 (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.71-1.09), and significant inverse association with an increased number of chronic conditions (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58-0.91). Higher use of BZD was associated with higher level of overall drug consumption (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.97-2.80). CONCLUSION: Alzheimer's disease patients are frequently prescribed BZD. A low score of MMSE (< 24) is associated with a decreased use of BZD. These results suggest important differences in BZD use patterns among persons with Alzheimer's disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".