Urolithiasis in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract lithiasis(UTL) requires careful intervention, especially when associated with other diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of symptomatic UTL in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to evaluate its correlation with the anti-neoplastic treatment phase and drugs, and to assess the need for intervention, results, complications and follow-up. Procedure: The charts of 350 patients with ALL (1990-2008) were retrospectively evaluated. Signs and symptoms, methods of diagnosis, complications, treatment approach, resolution, anti-leukemic treatment phase when the UTL was diagnosed, drugs used and interference on ALL treatment were recorded. Results: A total of 12/350 patients (3.4%) had UTL (14 stones). The median age was 7.6 years. Pain was present in 60%, hematuria in 20% and both in 20%. The median stone size was 4mm (3- 13.8mm). Three patients required hospitalization (pain) and one had chemotherapy discontinued due to severe hematuria and blood support. At the time of diagnosis of UTL, four patients were in the induction phase with corticosteroids, four were in the maintenance phase with corticosteroids, two were in the maintenance phase without corticosteroids, and one had a recurrence after therapy, and two were off-therapy. 11/13 episodes of UTL had spontaneous resolution, two underwent successful extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, and one patient remains with an asymptomatic stone. Conclusions: 3.4% of children with ALL presented symptomatic UTL. While the majority of cases have been resolved spontaneously, hospitalization and delay in chemotherapy have increased morbidity in these children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".