Impacts of repeated fertilization on fine roots, mycorrhizas, mesofauna, and soil chemistry under young interior spruce in central British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We assessed soil biota and soil chemistry in a 20-year-old interior spruce ( Picea glauca × engelmannii) stand in the interior of British Columbia 10 years after initiation of annual fertilization. Treatments included an unfertilized control, ON1 (having received per hectare 800 kg nitrogen (N), 350 kg phosphorus (P), 400 kg potassium (K)), and ON2 (having received per hectare 1400 kg N, 350 kg P, 400 kg K). Micronutrients were added periodically. There was more mineralizable N and NO3-N in the forest floor and upper mineral soil of ON2 plots than in the controls or ON1. Forest floor NH4-N increased with each level of fertilizer application. Total forest floor N, total sulphur, and exchangeable magnesium were higher with both levels of fertilization than with the unfertilized control. For the forest floor, available P and exchangeable K were highest in ON1. Forest floor densities of Acari, Prostigmata, and Oribatida were greater in fertilized plots than unfertilized control plots. In mineral soil, only Oribatida increased significantly with fertilization. Fertilization increased fine root length in ON1 relative to the control and ON2, but ectomycorrhizal colonization did not differ among treatments. These results contrast with previously reported responses to similar fertilizer treatments under lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) in which negative responses of fine roots and soil biota to repeated nutrient additions were observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".