Direct and indirect effects of sediment pulse duration on stream invertebrate assemblages and rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) growth and survival
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of inorganic sediment supply in streams may impair many biological functions. However, the contribution of exposure duration to the observed impacts has not been previously considered. We evaluated the effects of sediment pulse duration using 14 streamside flow-through experimental channels, each of which contained a naturally colonised invertebrate assemblage and 10 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Channels were exposed to fine sediment pulses of constant concentration but varied pulse duration (ranging from 0 to 6 h) every second day over 19 days. Total abundance of benthic invertebrate and family richness declined as sediment pulse duration increased. Invertebrate drift total abundance increased as pulse duration increased; however, family richness of drift decreased. Trout length and mass gain over the 19-day period was negatively correlated with pulse duration. Path analysis suggests that the direct effects of fine sediment on trout (impaired vision leading to reduced prey capture success and (or) increased metabolic costs from physiological stress) are more important to trout growth than indirect effects (decreased drift and benthic invertebrate richness and drift abundance).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".