Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several components of branchial copper uptake were identified in juvenile freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using (64)Cu. On the basis of competitive interactions between sodium and copper uptake, inhibition of copper uptake by a proton pump inhibitor (bafilomycin A1, 2 micromol l(-1)) and a Na(+) channel blocker (phenamil, 100 micromol l(-1)), it appears that a proportion of the branchial copper uptake occurs via an apical Na(+) channel. This sodium-sensitive copper uptake demonstrates saturation kinetics, with a K(m) of 7.1 nmol l(-1) and a J(max) of 21.2 pmol g(-1) h(-1), and is characterized by an IC(50) of 104 micromol l(-1) sodium. On the basis of residual copper uptake in the presence of high sodium concentrations (20 mmol l(-1)) and differential inhibition of sodium and copper uptake by phenamil (100 micromol l(-1)), a sodium-insensitive component of copper uptake is also present in trout gills. It demonstrates saturation kinetics with a comparably low K(m) (9.6 nmol l(-1)) but a lower maximum transport capacity (J(max)=3.5 pmol g(-1) h(-1)) than the sodium-insensitive system. Sodium uptake exhibits saturation kinetics with a K(m) of 69 micromol l(-1). Copper reduced branchial sodium transport affinity but increased the maximal sodium transport capacity.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".