Colonization of geranium foliage by <i>Clonostachys rosea</i> f. <i>catenulata</i>, a biological control agent of botrytis grey mould
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ecological requirements for the colonization of geranium leaves by the biocontrol agent Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata strain J1446 were investigated. Although this biocontrol agent is a soil-inhabiting fungus, treatment of geranium foliage with the agent can reduce grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea in the greenhouse. To characterize the extent of foliar colonization, a GUS-transformed isolate of C. rosea f. catenulata was applied to foliage of two geranium cultivars, Pelargonium × hortorum and Pelargonium × domesticum . Population levels of C. rosea f. catenulata were found to be highest on senescent leaves and stems, followed by fully expanded leaves, and lowest on newly emerged leaves of both cultivars. Optimum temperature for leaf and petiole colonization was 20–25 °C for both cultivars. The biocontrol agent required at least 12 h of continuous leaf wetness to achieve maximum population densities on the leaves and stems of both cultivars. On whole plants, colonization was significantly higher on wounded leaves, stems, and senescing leaves compared with that on nonwounded leaves, stems, and mature leaves, respectively. GUS staining indicated that the fungus preferentially colonized the wound sites of leaves and the cut portions of stems. Results indicate that this biocontrol agent can successfully colonize the foliage of geraniums, thus demonstrating the endophytic ability of C. rosea f. catenulata in both root and foliar tissues.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".