The impact of sea ice on the initiation of the spring bloom on the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relationship between sea ice and the phytoplankton spring bloom over the Newfoundland and Labrador shelves is examined using remotely-sensed chlorophyll data and sea-ice data for the period 1998–2004. A regression analysis between the two data sets shows that the retreat of sea ice precedes the spring bloom, and the inter-annual variation of the spring bloom is closely correlated with the start time of ice retreat. The spring bloom off Canada's east coast usually starts on the eastern Grand Banks. Here, the water properties are strongly influenced by sea ice on the Newfoundland shelves in early spring when accelerated ice melting causes the ice edge to retreat north and the melt water is advected south by the Labrador Current. After the ice retreat, the water on the eastern Grand Banks is rapidly stratified and the mixed layer shallows as a result of surface freshening. The shallow mixed layer promotes phytoplankton growth. The regression analysis also reveals that an early spring bloom or ice retreat tends to prolong the duration of the spring bloom.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".