P3‐301: Severity of cognitive impairment is correlated to levels of vitamin D
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in dementia. However a causal link has not been established. In this study we investigated the association between serum levels of Vit D and cognition in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Subjects with MCI, AD and normal controls were prospectively evaluated. MCI and AD patients were recruited from a tertiary neurology center and were diagnosed based on the Petersen's and NINDS-ADRDA criteria respectively. Controls were volunteers from the community. Demographic data, cognitive scores as well as Vit D levels were documented. Cognitive battery included MMSE, MOCA, FAB, ADAS-Cog, Category Fluency, CDR and Colour Trails test. Depression was assessed using GDS. Data from 23 patients with cognitive impairment (MCI & AD) and 27 normal controls were analyzed. The mean age of the entire cohort was 68.6 years and the mean Vit D level was 16.2ug/L. 38 patients (76%) were Vitamin D deficient, defined as < 20ug/L. Patients with cognitive impairment were older (72.9 vs. 63.6; p=0.009). No significant differences in gender, ethnicity and education were noted. The Vit D level showed a trend towards being significantly higher in cognitively normal patients compared to cognitively impaired patients (16.8 vs. 15.5 p=0.067). The MMSE, MOCA, FAB and ADAS-Cog scores were worse in the cognitively impaired group (p < 0.05). GDS scores was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Subgroup analyses of the cognitively impaired group demonstrated that patients with decreased Vit D levels had lower MMSE (23.3 vs. 26.8; p=0.01) and poorer ADAS-Cog scores (25.3 vs. 17.1; p= 0.05). These preliminary findings suggest that Vit D deficiency is associated with poorer cognitive outcomes and there seems to be a direct correlation between Vit D levels and cognitive performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".