A new approach to the determination of the Fano factor for semiconductor detectors
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Values of the Fano factor are widely scattered in the literature, indicating the difficulties in its determination. We chose to analyze both the escape peaks and parent peaks of Ge detector spectra where the parent peak penetration depth and the escape peak escape depth are much larger than the size of the incomplete charge collection region. Hence, the escape peaks are expected to be free of low‐energy tailing as, although the actually deposited energy is low, it is deposited beyond the incomplete charge collection region. It was found that the product of electron–hole pair creation energy (ε) and the Fano factor ( F ) has an energy dependence at low energies, as is expected from electron transport theories. Although ε is expected to have its own energy dependence, if a reference value of 2.96 eV is assumed for ε, then the Fano factor values varied between 0.059 and 0.083. The escape peak is less advantageous for Si, hence a different method was used for Si(Li) detectors. Assuming the reference value of 3.8 eV for ε, the Fano factor was found to be 0.063 at 5.9 keV x‐ray energy. We consider the Fano factors reported here as upper limits, rather than the mean values. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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