Chemical composition of bitter cola (Garcinia kola) seed and hull
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The chemical composition of Garcinia kola seed and hull was determined using standard methods. Results show that crude protein, lipid extract, ash, and crude fibre ratios are: 39.52 and 99.92 g/kg, 43.25 and 42.91 g/kg, 11.42 and 18.62 g/kg, 114.02 and 153.44 g/kg respectively. Carbon : nitrogen ratios for the seed and hull are 57.88 and 29.01, respectively. Garcinia kola hull had significantly higher (p<0.05) protein and fibre but has comparable values for lipid and ash. Potassium and phosphorus were the most abundant mineral elements in Garcinia kola seed (334.82 and 242.61 mg/kg, respectively) while phosphorus predominates in the hull (288.61 mg/kg). The seed had significantly higher values for sodium, potassium, copper and cobalt while chromium, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, selenium, lead and mercury were not detected. The dominant saturated, monosaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acid, in the seed and hull are palmitic (31.55 and 276.01 mg/kg), oleic (38.36 and 52.77 mg/kg) and linoleic acids (36.16 and 235.83 mg/kg) respectively. The hull has significantly higher (p<0.05) a-linolenic acid content. Glutamic acid is the dominant non-essential amino acid in seed and hull (6.80 and 8.10 g/kg, respectively) while lysine and valine (2.40 and 7.10 g/kg, respectively) are the dominant essential amino acids. The proportion of essential amino acid in the total amino acid is 44.52% in the hull and 35.81% in the seed. Garcinia kola seeds and hulls may find use in food and feed formulations by virtue of their chemical composition.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".