Poor Estimation of Echocardiographic Left Atrial Linear Dimension From Electrocardiographic Assessment in an Outpatient Cohort
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Left atrial (LA) dilatation on transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs) can be estimated in inpatients by the formula LA dimension (mm) = 2.47 + 0.29 x P wave duration (ms). This association, however, has not been assessed among outpatients who are perhaps "less sick." The authors applied blinded P wave measurements to this formula among 35 consecutive outpatients with valid TTEs (electrocardiograms obtained within 60 days of initial assessment). Fifteen patients (42.9%) had P wave measurements above the normal cutoff (110 ms), but no patients had P wave measurements that exceeded 130 ms. Mean (108.6+/-11 ms) and mode (100 ms) durations were considerably shorter than those of previously studied hospitalized cohorts. Estimated LA dimension by formula was comparable with TTE LA dimension in 29 patients (82.9%), all of whom were among those without LA dilatation on TTE. The regression formula is therefore useful in predicting normal LA linear dimension but is insensitive for estimating LA dilatation on TTE among outpatients in whom P waves rarely exceeded 130 ms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".