Decline of a New Hampshire Bicknell's Thrush Population, 1993–2003
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Catharus bicknelli (Bicknell's Thrush) is a rare inhabitant of mountain forests in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Conservation planners consider the species to be at risk, although evidence of population decline has thus far been localized or inconclusive. In order to assess the status of Bicknell's Thrush in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, we conducted point-count surveys on 40 forested, high-elevation routes from 1993 to 2003. Non-linear regression on aggregate counts revealed a 7% annual decline over this period (P < 0.1). We discuss possible threats to Bicknell's Thrush, including winter habitat loss, pollution of mountain ecosystems, climate change, and human intrusion during breeding. A range-wide monitoring program that incorporates new survey methods is needed to help identify limiting factors and reduce potential sources of error and bias. This study underscores the importance of efforts to monitor and conserve Bicknell's Thrush.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.036 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".