Thermal resistance of steam‐generator tube deposits under single‐phase forced convection and flow‐boiling heat transfer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Measurements were made of the thermal resistance of porous deposits of various thicknesses under both single‐phase forced convection and flow‐boiling conditions. Both synthetic deposits and deposits on tubes removed from operating steam generators were used in this investigation. The thermal resistance was modeled as the sum of two components: one associated with conduction through the porous deposit and a second associated with the effect of surface roughness. The conductive component of the thermal resistance was always positive, whereas surface roughness made a negative contribution to the thermal resistance, i.e., roughness enhanced the rate of heat transfer. Thermal conductivity of the porous deposits was higher for single‐phase forced convection, whereas the effect of deposit roughness on thermal resistance was higher under flow‐boiling conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of composition, morphology, surface roughness, and the mode of heat transfer on the thermal resistance of porous deposit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".