COPPER AND ZINC IN SILICATE AND OXIDE MINERALS IN IGNEOUS ROCKS FROM THE BINGHAM PARK CITY BELT, UTAH: SYNCHROTRON X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE DATA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray-fluorescence (SXRF) analyses for Cu, Zn and Fe were carried out on magmatic minerals from intrusive and volcanic rocks in the Bingham – Park City Belt, Utah. The main goals of the study were to determine average Cu and Zn contents and zoning patterns in magmatic minerals in order to shed light on the chemical behavior of Cu and Zn during crystallization of the magmas. The combination of low limits of detection and small analytical footprint makes SXRF the preferred method for tests of this type. Results of the study show that the Zn is homogeneously distributed through most ferromagnesian minerals, commonly following Fe, for which it probably substitutes. The distribution of Cu is more complex, and includes Cu-rich patches of as yet unknown mineralogy that are widespread in all minerals. Median Cu and Zn contents for magmatic minerals, estimated excluding the Cu-rich patches, are lower than and higher than, respectively, those of volcanic rocks in the area. Copper thus must have behaved incompatibly, whereas Zn behaved compatibly during magmatic crystallization. Decreasing Cu concentrations from core to rim were observed in biotite from the volcanic rocks, but Cu and Zn zoning is absent in ferromagnesian minerals in the intrusive rocks. Altered rims on biotite in the intrusive rocks are enriched in Cu and locally in Zn thought to reflect postcrystallization migration of a late magmatic vapor phase.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".