Antimicrobial polyethylene wax emulsion and its application on active paper‐based packaging material
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Antimicrobial polyethylene wax (PEW) emulsions, prepared by emulsifying polyethylene wax grafted with polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PEW‐g‐PHGH), were used as wet‐end additives or coating materials for fabricating hydrophobic and anti‐mold hand‐sheets or paper. To obtain PEW‐g‐PHGH, maleic anhydride (MAH) was adopted as a bridging agent. The melt or solution grafting of MAH to PEW was performed to achieve the appropriate grafting degree and grafting efficiency. The resulting PEW‐g‐PHGH was emulsified using a homogenizer by means of surfactants, and the resulted emulsions were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, charge density, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and adsorption capacity. After that the hydrophobicity of emulsion treated hand‐sheets was determined by measuring water contact angle (WCA). The morphology of the hand‐sheets treated by the emulsion was revealed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atom force microscope (AFM). Finally, the antimicrobial properties of the emulsion treated hand‐sheets were investigated by anti‐mold tests against Aspergillus niger and Chaetomium globosum . Results indicated that the PEW‐g‐PHGH emulsions exhibited good stability, high fiber adsorption capacity, and antimicrobial activity. The WCAs of the treated hand‐sheets reached 82°–140° with 80%∼99.9% growth inhibition against fungi. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42214.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".