Deformation histories and structural assemblages of glacier ice in a non-steady flow regime
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Deformation histories of ice exposed at various locations on the centreline in the ablation area of surge-type Variegated Glacier were estimated using a technique based on evaluation of strain-rate fields derived from velocity gradients. The analysis indicates that ice exposed in the upper part of the ablation area a few years after the 1982–83 surge had experienced a relatively simple deformation history that included one surge-related high magnitude deformation event. Ice exposed in the terminal lobe at the same time had experienced six surge phases during its approximately 100 year-long residence time. The histories of accumulation of cumulative strain are complex, and indicate that measures of cumulative strain can mask the effects of large but transient strain events. They also demonstrate that substantial cumulative strain can be ‘undone’ during subsequent deformation to leave a cumulative strain signal that is unrepresentative of earlier cumulative strain states. Structural relationships in general do not reflect the complexity of the deformation histories experienced by the ice. A preliminary analysis of the relationships between the deformation histories and structural assemblages suggests, in particular, that brittle structures are reactivated several times during the history of the ice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".