3D modelling of ice-covered flows in the vicinity of a deep hole in the East Channel of the Mackenzie Delta, N.W.T.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The discovery of vast quantities of hydrocarbons during exploration of the Mackenzie Delta has led to the detection of numerous anomalous deep holes in various delta channels in the past four decades. The proposed pipeline crossing from the Mackenzie Delta to northern Alberta has renewed interest in studying the stability of these deep holes. The main goal of this research project was to study ice-covered flow velocity and bed shear stress distributions using a previously calibrated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for a 30 m deep hole in the East Channel of the Mackenzie Delta to provide an initial assessment of its stability. In this study, a previously developed 3D CFD model using the FLUENT code with the renormalization group theory (RNG) k-ε turbulence closure model with nonequilibrium wall functions was adapted to represent ice-covered flow conditions for the study reach. The numerical model was applied to simulate four flow conditions (500, 720, and 1000 m3/s along with a moving ice cover during a flow rate of 720 m3/s). Results indicated that a single vortex was formed near the inner bend above the hole and deposition may be a key process occurring during ice-covered flow conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".