Molecularly Imprinted Solid Phase Extraction in a Syringe Needle Packed with Polypyrrole-encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes for Determination of Ochratoxin A in Red Wine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel micro-solid phase preconcentration (μSPP) device is developed by electrochemically depositing molecularly imprinted polypyrrole (MIPPy) over carbon nanotubes (CNTs) packed inside a 22-gauge syringe needle. The ochratoxin A (OTA) template is removed with 1% triethylamine (TEA) in 20:80 v/v acetonitrile—ammonia buffer (20 mM NH 4 Cl/NH 3 , pH 9.2). This syringe needle is used to extract trace OTA in a red wine sample, and the preconcentrated OTA is eluted with 1% (v/v) TEA in 20:80 v/v acetonitrile—ammonia buffer (20 mM NH 4 Cl/NH 3 , pH 9.2). The eluate is analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FD). The results demonstrated a significantly selective enrichment of OTA at sub-ppb levels in the presence of red wine matrix components. Using a sample volume of 0.5mL red wine for preconcentration, it is possible to determine OTA down to a detection limit of 0.04 ng/mL (at 3σ B ) or a quantification limit of 0.10 ng/mL (at 10σ B ). The total MIPPy/CNTs-μSPP-HPLC-FD analysis took only 40min, including a μSPP time of 30min, elution time of 20 s, and HPLC analysis time of 10 min. This needle can be reused and hence readily adapted in an autosampler for the processing of multiple samples in series.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".