Photophysics of Soret-Excited Tetrapyrroles in Solution. IV. Radiationless Decay and Triplet−Triplet Annihilation Investigated Using Tetraphenylporphinato Sn(IV)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The S(2) population decay rates and triplet-triplet annihilation efficiencies of Sn(IV)Cl(2)TPP have been measured in fluid solutions using its weak S(2)-S(0) fluorescence as a metric. A detailed description of the excited-state photophysics of Sn(IV)Cl(2)TPP has allowed comparisons to be made between this rigid, D(4h) axially coordinated molecule and axially uncoordinated tetrapyrroles of greater flexibility and lower symmetry. S(2)-S(1) internal conversion is the major S(2) population decay path for Sn(IV)Cl(2)TPP as it is for the S(2) states of all other d(0) and d(10) metalated tetrapyrroles. The S(2) state of Sn(IV)Cl(2)TPP exhibits S(2)-S(1) relaxation rates that follow the energy gap law of radiationless transition theory and are only slightly faster than those exhibited by MgTPP and the weak coupling limit. Differences in S(2)-S(1) radiationless decay rates among the series MTPP (M = Mg, Zn, Cd, SnCl(2)) cannot be traced to differences in the displacements of the S(2) and S(1) potential surfaces. Instead, the most likely source of the large differences in S(2)-S(1) radiationless decay rates between CdTPP and Sn(IV)Cl(2)TPP is the lower symmetry of the former (near C(4v)), which permits a much larger number of vibrations to participate in S(2)-S(1) vibronic coupling. Triplet-triplet annihilation of the type 2T(1) --> S(2) + S(0) has been observed in Sn(IV)Cl(2)TPP for the first time, but is of substantially lower efficiency than seen in ZnTPP in noncoordinating solvents because of its shorter triplet lifetime and the shielding effects of its axial Cl ligands, which tend to block the short-range interaction needed for Dexter energy transfer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".