A comprehensive model of the development of mental handicap in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A synthesis of the literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most clinical studies addressing sequelae in children with leukaemia are not theory-driven. Nonetheless, the role of different mediating biological (e.g. cranial irradiation, chemotherapy) and psychosocial variables (e.g. family functioning) has been empirically acknowledged. In these studies, a cause-effect relationship between biological variables and cognitive deficits, sometimes complex due to multiple agents, has been hypothesised. As for the psychosocial consequences, adaptation to the cancer-related stress has been the main focus, at both the individual and family levels. In this paper, we advocate the use of a global model for the development of handicap, derived from the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) by the World Health Organisation. This revised model proposes that handicap is the result of complex interactions between the characteristics of a person’s impairment, disabilities, and the characteristics of the environment. At each of these levels, risk/resilience factors are defined. This means that depending on the environmental obstacles they face, persons with an impairment or a disability may or may not experience a situation creating a handicap which is no longer seen as a stable status resulting from a disease to which the individual must adapt. By reviewing animal and clinical studies, current knowledge pertaining to leukaemia sequelae are integrated into the different levels defined by the model: organic impairment, disabilities, environmental obstacles, and handicap situation. Practical implications for research, policies, and individual treatments, and comparisons with existing models, are also outlined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.015 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".