Validity and composition of the Silurian trilobite genera <i>Borealarges</i> and <i>Dicranogmus</i>, with new species from the Canadian Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New silicified material from Arctic Canada demonstrates that the lichid trilobite genera Borealarges and Dicranogmus, recently claimed to be synonyms, are independent groups with no close phylogenetic connection to one another. Dicranogmus has been known mainly from cranidia alone; prior association of librigenae and pygidia with the Arctic Canadian species D. skinneri has been queried. This association is correct beyond reasonable doubt, based on description of new material of both D. skinneri and a new species. Three new species of Borealarges are related to B. tuckerae Adrain 1994. Cladistic analysis supports the monophyly of this species group. Pending further new information, however, the group is retained within the genus Borealarges. The stratigraphic range of the species group is extended from the lower Wenlock (Sheinwoodian) to upper Ludlow (Ludfordian) by the discovery of a rare species in the Douro Formation of Cornwallis Island, Arctic Canada. New taxa from the Wenlock of the Cape Phillips Formation, Arctic Canada, include Dicranogmus wynni, Borealarges nicoae, B. warholi, and B. yulei.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".