An Assessment and Mapping of Gully Erosion Hazards in Abia State: A GIS Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The issue of gully erosion is of major concern in the south-eastern part of Nigeria. This study adopts Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a tool to identify and study gully erosion hazards in Abia state. 171 gully erosion sites were coordinated using GPS receivers and overlaid on the soil and geological maps of the study area. Spatial database for erosion sites was created using relational database model. Additional 35 gully erosion sites were identified from the processed digital elevation model (DEM) and ground verification carried out. Result shows that gully erosion sites were well dispersed around false bedded sand stone geological formation. The slope characteristic was ascertained to be greater than 15o which encourages gully erosion activities. An erosion hazard map was produced showing risk and vulnerability of settlements and infrastructure. This study shows that GIS is an efficient and effective tool in the study and mapping of gully erosions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".