Specific features of the formation of the microstructure of titanium nickelide upon thermomechanical treatment including cold plastic deformation to degrees from moderate to severe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, microhardness measurements, and differential scanning calorimetry have been used to investigate the formation of the dislocation substructure and nanocrystalline and amorphous structures in Ti-Ni shape-memory alloys depending on the degree of cold deformation by rolling and post-deformation annealing. The moderate deformation ( e = 0.25) leads to the formation of a developed dislocation substructure; with an increase in the deformation to e = 2, the dislocation substructure is gradually substituted by a mixed nanocrystalline and amorphous structures. The residual martensite completely disappears as the deformation increases in the interval of e = 2−3 or upon annealing in the interval of 200–300°C. Annealing at 400°C after a moderate deformation leads to the formation of a polygonized (“nanosubgrain”) dislocation substructure in austenite. As the initial deformation increases to e = 2, this structure is gradually substituted by a nanocrystalline structure of austenite. Annealing after deformation to intermediate degrees ( e = 0.75−1.0) results in the formation of a mixture of nanocrystalline and submicrocrystalline polygonized structures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".