Stratified turbulence dominated by vortical motion
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present numerical simulations of stably stratified, vortically forced turbulence at a wide range of Froude numbers. Large-scale vortical forcing was chosen to represent geophysical vortices which break down at small scales where Coriolis effects are weak. The resulting vortical energy spectra are much steeper in the horizontal direction and shallower in the vertical than typical observations in the atmosphere and ocean, as noted in previous studies. We interpret these spectra in terms of the vertical decoupling which emerges in the strongly stratified limit. We show that this decoupling breaks down at a vertical scale of $U/N$ , where $N$ is the Brunt–Väisälä frequency and $U$ is a characteristic horizontal velocity, confirming previous scaling arguments. The transfer of vortical energy to wave energy is most efficient at this vertical scale; vertical spectra of wave energy are correspondingly peaked at small scales, as observed in past work. The equilibrium statistical mechanics of the inviscid unforced truncated problem qualitatively predicts the nature of the forced–dissipative solutions, and confirms the lack of an inverse cascade of vortical energy.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it