Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in GUSTO IV ACS: an important risk marker of mortality in women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: To examine the association of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on admission electrocardiography with adverse outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 7443 non-ST-elevation ACS patients in Global Utilization of STrategies to Open occluded arteries (GUSTO) IV ACS trial had admission electrocardiograms analysed at a core laboratory. LVH [>or=20 mm Cornell voltage (LV voltage) (women) or >or=28 mm (men) plus strain patterns] was observed in 586 (7.9%) patients, and women accounted for 74%. LVH patients were also older and had more co-morbidities, ST-depression >or= 0.5 mm, elevated C-reactive protein and N-terminal pro-brain naturetic peptide (NT-proBNP), and lower troponin T. Invasive procedures occurred less often in LVH patients (cardiac catheterization: 31 vs. 38%, P = 0.001; percutaneous coronary intervention: 12 vs. 20%, P < 0.001). Mortality was significantly higher in patients with LVH (30 day: 5 vs. 3%, P = 0.046; 1 year: 14 vs. 7%, P < 0.001), whereas 30 day myocardial infarction (MI) and death/MI did not differ. After baseline adjustment including NT-proBNP, LVH remained associated with increased hazard of 1 year mortality in women, but not in men [P-interaction = 0.033; women: adjusted hazard ratio (LVH vs. no LVH): 1.42 (1.04-1.94), P = 0.029]. CONCLUSION: Electrocardiographic-LVH identifies an important subset of ACS patients with a higher risk of long-term mortality, particularly among women. These novel findings highlight opportunities to improve treatment and outcome among similar ACS patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".