Silsesquioxane Models for Silica Surface Silanol Sites with Adjacent Siloxide Functionalites and Olefin Polymerization Catalysts Thereof
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Incompletely condensed silsesquioxanes of the type R7Si7O9(O[SiR'2O]n)OH (R = c-C5H9, c-C6H11; R' = Me, Ph; n = 1-4), containing a siloxane ring of variable size and rigidity and a remaining silanol, are described. Compared with a truly isolated silanol [R7Si8O12(OH)], solution and solid state FT-IR spectra of these compounds show a nu(OH) shift of approximately 150 cm(-1) to lower frequency, which suggests hydrogen bonding of the silanol with the internal siloxane ring. In agreement with this, the relative ion pair acidities of the silanols in THF, determined by UV/Vis, were lowered by 0.8-1.2 compared with a truly isolated silanol. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on these systems confirm the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Possible interaction of the silyl ether functionalities with Lewis acidic metal sites was studied for the neutral gallium-substituted systems and cationic titanium silsesquioxane complexes, models for an immobilized titanium olefin polymerization catalyst. The electron donating capability of the siloxide functionalities in 1, 6, and 7 is not sufficient to satisfy the electron deficiency of the corresponding gallium silsesquioxane species, which form dimeric structures with a bridging siloxide unit rather than Lewis base adducts with coordinated siloxide functionalities. Metallation of 1 and 4 with [Cp"Ti(CH2Ph)3] (Cp" = eta5-1,3-C5H3(SiMe3)2) in a 1:1 ratio afforded monomeric titanasilsesquioxanes. To probe the effect of the neighboring siloxane ring on the highly Lewis acidic titanium center, the catalytic activities of the corresponding cationic half-sandwich complexes were tested in 1-hexene polymerization. Compared with the catalyst system based on the isolated silanol [(c-C5H9)7Si8O12OH], the presence of a neighboring siloxane ring causes considerable retardation of the polymerization process but also improves the stability of the catalyst.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".