Ice-push disturbances in high-Boreal and Subarctic lakeshore ecosystems since AD 1830, northern Québec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ice scars on lakeshore trees were surveyed on the islands of two large lakes in northern Québec: Clearwater Lake (1270 km2) and Bienville Lake (900 km2), respectively at the southern edge of the Subarctic and at the northern limit of the Boreal zones. Correspondence of ice-scar chronologies with hydrological and climatological instrumental registers indicated that shore ice pushes are due to lake floods. In the AD 1930s, a shift in the flood regimes occurred. In the high Boreal, ice-push activity was much more frequent prior to 1930 than in the Subarctic. Major regional ice pushes occurred in AD 1854, 1903, 1914, 1936, 1947, 1954,1959-60, 1970 and 1979. Prior to 1930, local major events were concentrated south of the Subarctic zone, but the situation inverted after 1930. A northward shift in the average position of the Arctic front is postulated as having been the driving force of local hydrologic regimes that allowed ice disturbances to occur, especially A in controlling the amount of snowfall. Ice scars provide proxy indicators of an increase in the frequency of snowy winters between the mid-1930s and 1980. The recent period of low levels represents an anomalous incursion in the century trend, but equivalent long episodes of low seasonal lake levels occurred prior to 1930.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".