HOXA1 A218G Polymorphism is Associated with Smaller Cerebellar Volume in Healthy Humans
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Homeobox A1 (HOXA1) gene plays a critical role during development of the hindbrain in mice. Little is currently known about the relation between this gene and human brain development. The HOXA1 A218G polymorphism has been found to be associated with autism and larger head circumference in autistic patients. Similar effects were revealed also in healthy children but not in adult controls. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the A218G polymorphism on the hindbrain structure of healthy adults. METHODS: Healthy persons from two independent groups underwent 3-dimensional high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) exam. Group A was made of 80 persons (27 G allele carriers and 53 non-carriers) and Group B of 72 (26 carriers and 46 non-carriers). Statistical parametric mapping 2 (SPM2) were used to perform voxel-based analysis of the gray matter (GM) of the hindbrain in carriers and non. Significance threshold was set at .05 with small volume correction using a cerebellar mask. RESULTS: In Group A, G carriers exhibited decreased GM volume in the superior posterior and anterior lobe of the cerebellum bilaterally. In Group B, decreased GM volume were found across the entire left cerebellar cortex. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the HOXA1 A218G polymorphism may affect cerebellar development in humans.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it