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Record W2117125304 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.v62i6.845

Role of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Voriconazole in the Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infections

2009· article· en· W2117125304 on OpenAlexaffvenue
I fan Kuo, Mary H. H. Ensom

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2009
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicAntifungal resistance and susceptibility
Canadian institutionsChildren's & Women's Health Centre of British ColumbiaUniversity of British ColumbiaSt. Paul's Hospital
Fundersnot available
KeywordsVoriconazoleTherapeutic drug monitoringCYP2C19DrugMedicinePharmacologyPharmacokineticsAntifungal drugTherapeutic effectInternal medicineAntifungalDermatologyCytochrome P450

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Background: Voriconazole is a broad-spectrum, second-generation triazole antifungal agent with demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of invasive fungal infections caused by Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. Given the characteristically poor prognosis of patients with invasive fungal infections and the protracted duration of treatment required, therapeutic monitoring of voriconazole is, in theory, an attractive method to optimize antifungal therapy.Objective: To determine the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring for voriconazole.Methods: A previously published decision-making algorithm was used to assess the currently available literature on therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole.Results: Several analytical methods can be used to quantify plasma or serum concentrations of voriconazole. Reasons for therapeutic monitoring of this drug include wide variability both within and between individuals secondary to drug properties, drug–drug interactions, and disease states. Furthermore, voriconazole follows nonlinear pharmacokinetics with saturable hepatic clearance. Another potential factor in favour of therapeutic drug monitoring for voriconazole is genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19, whereby patients who are homozygous for poor metabolism (about 19% of non-Indian Asians) can have 4-fold greater exposure to voriconazole. The concentrations of this drug are also greater in patients with hepatic impairment. Drug–drug interactions with other substrates of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 can also alter voriconazole concentrations. However, the correlations between plasma concentrations of voriconazole and its efficacy and toxicity are not well defined. Although lower and upper target thresholds of 0.25–2 mg/L and 4–6 mg/L, respectively, have been suggested, studies to date have not been appropriately designed or powered to reveal any definitive association.Conclusions: Routine therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole is not recommended except in certain circumstances, such as lack of response to therapy or evidence of toxicity, in which case selective monitoring of voriconazole concentrations may be of clinical utility.RÉSUMÉ Contexte : Le voriconazole est un antifongique triazolé de deuxième génération à large spectre efficace dans le traitement des infections fongiques envahissantes causées par les espèces Aspergillus et Candida. Vu le sombre pronostic caractéristique des patients atteints d’infections fongiques envahissantes et la durée prolongée du traitement, le suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique du voriconazole est, en théorie, un moyen attrayant d’optimiser le traitement antifongique.Objectif : Déterminer l’utilité du suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique du voriconazole.Méthodes : Un algorithme de prise de décision publié a été utilisé pour évaluer la documentation actuellement disponible sur le suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique du voriconazole.Résultats : Plusieurs méthodes analytiques peuvent servir à quantifier les concentrations sériques ou plasmatiques de voriconazole. Les raisons de recourir au suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique de ce médicament sont notamment la grande variabilité intra et interindividuelle attribuable aux propriétés du médicament, aux interactions médicament-médicament et aux affections. De plus, le voriconazole a un comportement pharmacocinétique non linéaire en raison d’une clairance hépatique saturable. Un autre facteur potentiellement en faveur du suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique du voriconazole est le polymorphisme génétique du CYP2C19 qui, chez les patients homozygotes ayant un faible métabolisme (environ 19% des Asiatiques non Indiens), peut entraîner une exposition au voriconazole quatre fois supérieure. Les concentrations de ce médicament sont également supérieures chez les patients atteints d’insuffisance hépatique. Les interactions médicamentmédicament avec d’autres substrats du CYP2C9, du CYP2C19 et du CYP3A4 peuvent également modifier les concentrations de voriconazole. Cependant, les corrélations entre les concentrations plasmatiques de voriconazole et l’efficacité et la toxicité de ce médicament ne sont pas clairement définies. Bien qu’on ait suggéré des seuils inférieurs et supérieurs cibles de 0,25 à 2 mg/L et de 4 à 6 mg/L, respectivement, les études menées à ce jour ne sont ni correctement conçues, ni suffisamment puissantes pour révéler une association définitive.Conclusions : Le suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique systématique du voriconazole n’est pas recommandé, sauf dans certaines circonstances, comme en absence de réponse au traitement ou en présence de signes de toxicité, auxquels cas la surveillance sélective des concentrations de voriconazole peut s’avérer utile sur le plan clinique.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.021
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.041
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.021
Threshold uncertainty score0.113

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0210.041
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.001
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0040.002
Open science0.0020.001
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.021
GPT teacher head0.301
Teacher spread0.280 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations14
Published2009
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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