Consumers’ Valuation for a Reduced Salt Product: A Nonhypothetical Choice Experiment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reducing intakes of salt can help decrease a person's risk of heart‐related chronic diseases. This study utilized a nonhypothetical choice experiment (with some hypothetical product options) to examine consumers’ valuation for “Reduced Salt” canned ham in Korea. This study analyzed different sources of heterogeneity, such as correlation across utilities, income effects, and risk preferences, by estimating four different specifications of the random parameters logit model. Results suggest that the range of discount needed for consumers to switch from “Reduced Salt” canned ham to standard canned ham is 274 KRW ($USD 0.24) to 313 KRW ($USD 0.28) per can, which is approximately 7.8–8.9% of the average price of a canned ham. The results also suggest that consumers prefer the canned ham using domestic pork to the canned ham using imported pork. Moreover, respondents who are highly risk averse were more likely to purchase products with domestic ingredients. Une diminution de l'apport en sodium peut contribuer à réduire le risque de maladies cardiaques chroniques. Dans la présente étude, nous avons utilisé une méthode des choix discrets non hypothétiques (comprenant quelques options de produits hypothétiques) pour examiner l’évaluation des consommateurs coréens concernant le jambon en conserve « réduit en sodium ». Nous avons analysé diverses sources d'hétérogénéité, telles que la corrélation des fonctions d'utilité, l'effet de revenu et les préférences quant au risque, en estimant quatre spécifications du modèle logit à paramètres aléatoires. Les résultats de notre étude indiquent que la fourchette d'escompte nécessaire pour inciter les consommateurs à passer du jambon en conserve « réduit en sodium » au jambon en conserve ordinaire varie de 274 KRW (0,24 $ US) à 313 KRW (0,28 $ US) par conserve, soit environ 7,8 à 8,9 % du prix moyen du jambon en conserve. Les résultats indiquent également que les consommateurs préfèrent le jambon en conserve provenant de porcs élevés en Corée plutôt que porcs importés. De plus, les répondants qui avaient une forte aversion pour le risque étaient plus susceptibles d'acheter des produits contenant des ingrédients provenant de la Corée.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".