Ineffectiveness of dietary folic acid supplementation on the incidence of lipomyelomeningocele: pathogenetic implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECT: Periconceptual folic acid supplementation is effective in myelomeningocele prevention. The relationship between folic acid and lipomyelomeningocele (LMM) and the overall incidence of this occult form of spina bifida has never been studied. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of dietary folic acid supplementation on the incidence of LMM and to measure its overall incidence. METHODS: In a retrospective population-based study the authors calculated the incidence of LMM in Nova Scotia between 1985 and 2001. Because of changes in public policy during this period, there are three intervals defined in relation to the treatment of the food supply with folic acid: 1) prior to folic acid fortification (1985-1994); 2) postsupplementation but prefortification (1995-1998); and 3) postfortification. The overall incidence of LMM in Nova Scotia between 1985 and 2001 was 16 per 100,000 live births or one case per 6121 live births. Its incidence between 1985 and 1994 was 15 per 100,000 live births, and between 1995 and 1998 it was 12 per 100.000 live births (relative risk [RR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31-2.22; p = 0.7). Between 1999 and 2001, the incidence of LMM was 29 per 100,000 live births, which was not significantly different from that between 1995 and 1998 (RR 2.41. 95% CI 0.79-7.36; p = 0.11) or between 1985 and 1994 (RR 1.98, 95% CI 0.86-4.56; p = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of LMM between 1985 and 2001 in Nova Scotia was 16 per 100,000 live births and has not been reduced by dietary folic acid supplementation. This finding provides epidemiological evidence that the embryogenesis of LMM is fundamentally different from that of myelomeningocele.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".